مابعد الطبیعات : مبادیات و ترویج

Metaphysics: Foundations and Promotion

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive study of the origin, development and intellectual significance of metaphysical philosophy, with particular reference to its religious, philosophical and literary dimensions. Metaphysics is examined as a foundational branch of philosophy concerned with existence, reality, the nature of the universe, and the ultimate principles underlying visible phenomena. The study highlights the dual nature of metaphysics: its religious aspect, grounded in revelation and faith, and its philosophical aspect, rooted in rational inquiry and intellectual speculation beyond mere sensory experience. Tracing its historical roots, the paper explores the metaphysical thought of ancient Greek philosophy, especially the contributions of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, and explains how metaphysics evolved from mythological beliefs to systematic philosophical inquiry. Plato’s Theory of Forms and Aristotle’s concept of “First Philosophy” are discussed as central milestones in the metaphysical tradition. The paper further contrasts Western and Eastern approaches, emphasizing that while modern Western thought often confines metaphysics to abstract or speculative domains, Eastern traditions integrate it deeply with spirituality, cosmology, and ethics. The study concludes that metaphysical philosophy remains an enduring and essential mode of inquiry, vital for understanding human existence, intellectual history, and cultural consciousness across ages.